在药物开发过程中,推荐十大正规网赌平台通常有四个阶段. 这些试验评估一种潜在药物的安全性和有效性. 每个阶段都可能持续数月, 有时年, 并且必须在进入下一阶段之前成功完成.
After all the phases are complete, even more time is spent compiling and reviewing the data. 大多数公司一开始都有数千种潜在的药物, 但很少能进入第一阶段,获得批准的就更少了.
研究人员在一小群“正常人”身上测试一种药物, 健康人类志愿者,这意味着他们没有这种药物治疗的病症. 这些测试评估安全性, 潜在的副作用, 以及服用最适量的药物.
The medicine is given to a larger group of individuals who have the condition the medicine is intended to treat. 在这个阶段, 研究人员试图获得这种药物有效的“证据”, 也被称为“概念验证”.” This phase evaluates initial safety, doses, and early data about how well the medicine may work.
The purpose of phase 3 trial is to evaluate how the new medication works in comparison to existing standard of care or historical controls.
在治疗被批准后, health agencies may requite the researchers to gather more information about the medicine’s safety, 好处, 最恰当的用法.
并不是所有的药物都被批准使用,或者甚至进入第三阶段. 推荐十大正规网赌平台基本上就是一种实验, 在此过程中的事件或发现会影响开发过程. For example, not recruiting participants in time may delay the overall timing of the trial.
Other challenges that could slow or stop a trial completely include: unexpected negative safety findings, 结果显示药物并没有真正起作用, 或者药品生产质量不一致.
尽管药物开发过程是不可预测的, 它有助于科学和医学的进步.
每个临床研究都概述了具体的要求, 被称为“资格标准”,来决定谁能参加.
资格标准可以包括年龄等因素, 性别, 疾病的类型和阶段, 以及病史. Factors that allow an individual to participate are called inclusion criteria; factors that disqualify an individual from participating are called exclusion criteria.
A trial doctor, known as an investigator, determines who is eligible to participate in the study.
个人决定参加审判的原因差别很大, 因为这是个人的选择,在参加之前必须仔细考虑. 例如,他们可能会加入以获得专科医生或新药. 他们也可以加入,积极参与医学和科学研究. 其他考虑因素包括预约的频率或可能需要的旅行.
值得注意的是,研究性治疗有一定的风险. Researchers closely monitor participants for safety, but not all of the effects are known.
The first step when considering enrollment in a clinical trial is a conversation between the potential participant and his or her doctor to discuss the appropriateness of the trial and address any questions. If the trial is appropriate, screening sites can then determine whether the individual is eligible.
Each of the below studies evaluates the use of setmelanotide in individuals with rare genetic diseases of obesity.
赛特黑肽治疗下丘脑肥胖的开放标签研究
setmelanotide的长期扩展试验
在患有
在患有
⋅ rare genetic diseases of obesity who previously participated in an interventional trial for setmelanotide
状态
主动/招聘
Setmelanotide 阶段 2 treatment trial in patients with rare genetic diseases of obesity
在患有
在患有
⋅ 杂合子POMC、PCSK1或LEPR基因变异
⋅ POMC缺乏性肥胖
⋅ 麻风病缺乏性肥胖
⋅ Smith-Magenis综合症
⋅ SH2B1缺乏性肥胖(包括16p11.2删除)
⋅ 瘦素缺乏症
失去对瘦素的反应
替代疗法(i).e.
metreleptin)
⋅ SRC1缺乏性肥胖
⋅ MC4R缺乏性肥胖
状态
完成
两阶段(开标签磨合), 其次是随机双盲, placebo-controlled withdrawal) study of setmelanotide in patients with specific gene defects in the melanocortin-4 receptor pathway.
随机, 双盲, placebo-controlled study: 4 independent sub-studies of setmelanotide in patients with POMC/PCSK1, LEPR, 黑素皮质素-4受体通路中的NCOA1或SH2B1基因缺陷.
一个观察, prospective natural history study of early-onset extreme obesity due to bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in the POMC, PCSK1或LEPR基因(NHS)
在患有
双等位基因功能丧失的遗传变异,导致:
在患有
双等位基因功能丧失的遗传变异,导致:
⋅ POMC缺乏性肥胖
⋅ PCSK1缺乏性肥胖
⋅ 麻风病缺乏性肥胖
研究目标
Collect information from people with early-onset extreme obesity due to specific genetic variations
状态
完成
LEPR, leptin receptor; MC4R, melanocortin-4 receptor; PCSK1, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1; POMC, proopiomelanocortin
在一个人同意参加试验之前, 他或她必须填写一份知情同意文件. This means that researchers have provided the participant with key facts about the trial, 包括所需的程序和频率, 药物的潜在影响, 联系方式. Signing this document shows that the individual understands the study and agrees to participate.
每个推荐十大正规网赌平台都必须遵循一个详细的计划,称为“协议”。. 该方案概述了研究的基本原理, 目标, 和设计, 并受到严格监控,以确保其符合科学和道德标准. 它包括有关参与标准的信息, 研究长度, 治疗剂量, 以及任何必要的程序.
placebo是一种没有效果的物质. 它通常以与被测试药物相同的形式出现, 但不含任何药物. Placebos can be used in studies to examine the effectiveness of a medicine by comparing results between individuals who received the medicine and those who received the placebo.
有时也被称为“同情使用”或“早期使用”,” expanded access is a way to gain access to an investigational medical treatment when no alternative therapy options are available. This approach typically applies only to individuals with an immediately life-threatening condition or serious disease or condition, 当不能参加推荐十大正规网赌平台时. 通过扩展访问, 没有可比较的或令人满意的治疗方法, 潜在的益处必须大于治疗的风险, and taking the investigational treatment must not interfere with the development or approval of the medicine.
重要的是要知道,并非所有药物都提供扩大获取. 公司通常会在其网站上公布具体的政策细节. 可以使用节奏的扩展访问策略 在这里.
虽然每个试验都不同,但参与通常是免费的. The sponsor of the trial usually pays for doctor visits and medicine; travel expenses are also usually covered. You should always check with your doctor and the trial sponsor to understand costs for which you could be responsible.
是的. 参与研究学习是可选的. It is on a volunteer basis and individuals can choose to withdraw their participation at any time.